اهمیت عملکرد دولت محلی در ساختار اشتغال شهری (مطالعه تطبیقی شهرهای تهران و مونترال)

The current article investigates into the role and effect of approaches, policies, and functions of local government (as one of the effective factors in labor demand) on the structure and status of employment in such cities as Tehran and Montreal. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data were collected through direct observations, review of deeds, reports, and the information published by official organizations and interviews with domestic and foreign experts. The results show that the differences of planning system and policies of urban management in the two countries of Iran and Canada, in general, and in the two cities of Tehran and Montreal, in particular, have significant effect on the rate of employment and unemployment. Such an effect is readily observed both in quantitative and qualitative dimensions. The results of the comparative study of local management system of the cities of Tehran and Montreal indicate that, in both cities, the issues of employment and developing business opportunities have been the focus of attention and in both of them, though differently, plans, strategies, and executive measures for providing employment opportunities and entrepreneurial activities have been done. However, from among the problems the management system of the city of Tehran encounters in employment and providing business opportunities are weak legal considerations, lack of contribution of private sections, and the discrepancy between the what municipalities have done and the plans of the ones at the top of the decision-making hierarchy. Therefore, identifying and clarifying the cultural-social structure of urban employment and the effect of local management system on the quantity and quality whereof can help policy makers and decision makers with creating, organizing, and appropriate planning for employment.